At the FACEBOOK F8 conference last month, Facebook showed two wireless antennas that can transmit urban Internet signals to rural areas. Why should Facebook develop an antenna? Quite simply, the more people online, the more people use Facebook services. According to Wired magazine, Facebook's two antenna technologies and some other communication plans have made rivals such as Huawei and Ericsson. What did Facebook post? The two wireless antennas that Facebook showed at the conference were developed in secret by engineers at ConnecTIvity Lab, which tried to find new ways to expand network coverage. One of the antennas, called ARIES, transmits urban network signals up to 20 miles away to rural areas. Project Aries According to Facebook statistics, 97% of the world's population lives within the above-mentioned radius. In theory, ARIES can connect most of the world's non-Internet population to the Internet. Facebook said that the price of the antenna is much cheaper than fiber and power cables. Today's rural areas use many miniature towers to provide broadband services, and its cost is more expensive than Facebook antennas. The other is called Terragraph, and the mission of this antenna is to improve the performance of the city network. Terragraph Network Connect to the tower (that is, the base station) via fiber optics and then send the signal to the handset and other devices. This is the practice of general communication. Terragraph did not choose this option. Instead, the Terragraph is directly connected to the base station by idle unauthorised radio waves. Learn more about Aries and Terragraph Project Aries The focus of Project Aries is on the base station. The base station we are generally familiar with refers to a form of public mobile communication radio station, which is a radio transceiver station for transmitting information between a mobile communication switching center and a mobile telephone terminal in a certain radio coverage area. ARIES also fully demonstrates Facebook's efforts to build a spectrum and energy efficient use test platform. Unlike the traditional base station platform, Facebook is equipped with a 96-channel antenna of the Big Mac, with a spectral efficiency of up to 71bps/Hz, which is said to soon break through 100bps/Hz. Maybe you still don't know how much this configuration is. For example, when you are calling in the building, sometimes you want to throw a mobile phone because the signal is not good. Calling, that is quite clear. Nowadays, we also know that many places about the base station are MIMO technology (MulTIple-Input MulTIple-Output, which means that multiple transmitting and receiving antennas are used at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively, so that the signal passes through the transmitting end. Improves communication quality by transmitting and receiving with multiple antennas at the receiving end. It can make full use of space resources and achieve multiple transmission and reception through multiple antennas. It can double the system without increasing spectrum resources and antenna transmission power. The channel capacity shows a clear advantage and is regarded as the core technology of the next generation mobile communication.). Simply put, it is multi-input and multi-output. ARIES is an embodiment of such a technology. It can make full use of space resources and realize multiple transmission and reception through multiple antennas. By increasing the spectrum resources and antenna transmission power, the system channel capacity can be doubled and displayed. A clear advantage, is regarded as the core technology of the next generation of mobile communications. At the same time, Facebook also believes that "Project Aries" will help bring 5G wireless communications to rural areas. The use of massive MIMO can enhance the system parameters of its overall bandwidth. Simply put, you can think of the effect stack by transmitting a large number of antenna-provided beams, which can reduce the loss caused by the distance between cities. In addition, the low frequency after this multiple stacking can still be used in vast rural areas. With such a goal, in addition to the higher exploration of MIMO in the existing 4G wireless communication, they need to expand more base stations and even find more powerful manufacturers. Terragraph Network Terragraph is a 60 Hz, multi-node wireless system that provides high-speed networks for densely populated urban areas. With off-the-shelf components and cloud services for intensive data processing, the entire Terragraph has been optimized to become a high-volume, low-cost product. Although WiGig is depleted because it absorbs oxygen and water, people usually don't choose to use it. But the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, China, South Korea, Japan, and other countries have recognized the benefits of using this band (also known as the V-band band). This band not only does not require a license, but the effect is also very close to the Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. The 60Hz band is usually used for 7 GHz broadband, and the United States, such as the United States, is trying to extend it to 14 GHz. One of the beneficiaries of this decision is WiGig, an enhanced version of the Wi-Fi transmission standard that provides high-bandwidth AC signals to the room. Terragraph's wireless network system uses the WiGig standard radio. Designed specifically for consumer electronics, it allows us to build inexpensive nodes on traditional telecom infrastructure. Due to the limited signal range of 60 GHz, these nodes are placed at intervals of 200-250 meters in the city. This bandwidth-rich node not only has unique characteristics that limit interference, but also simplifies network planning. Unlicensed spectrum helps to further reduce costs. Terragraph's design provides network coverage for a whole street. Terragraph installed a phased array antenna to maintain the high directional signal required for 60 GHz, and the device can extend coverage. Given Terragraph's network architecture, it can automatically find routes to avoid interference from densely populated urban loops (such interferences typically occur in high-rise buildings or network congestion due to user intensiveness). Terragraph also used technology to build a large central database for Facebook. We rebuilt Media Access Control (MAC) to address TCP/IP wireless connectivity issues. By using the MAC protocol of the TDMA/TDD system, we found that network efficiency increased by a factor of six compared to when Wi-Fi/WiGig existed. Finally, Terragraph combines attributes and industrial design to provide fast, attractive and inexpensive equipment. It also reduces interference and allows customers to operate lightly when they are not visible. For customers who live in multiple units or work in high-rise buildings, the Terragraph system is closer to the building. Combined with Wi-Fi access points, Terragraph is one of the lowest cost methods for achieving 100% street Wi-Fi coverage.
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July 10, 2024