On April 12, according to Macrumors, Dejian Zeng, a graduate of New York University, went to the factory that produced iPhone 6s and iPhone 7 in Pegatron during the summer vacation last year and collected the first-hand life of the workers. work document. Recently, Zeng Dejian received an exclusive interview, shared his experiences in detail, and revealed the scene of working at the Heshuo factory.

When he first arrived at the factory, Zeng Dejian’s work was the final assembly. His only task is to put a sticker on the back of the iPhone 6s and add a screw. He needs to repeat such work over and over again, which makes him feel "very boring." Zeng Dejian went to work at 7:30 every night and worked 12 hours including meals and rest time. During the day, he sleeps in the staff quarters and wakes up at night to repeat the process of yesterday.

This is the experience of Zeng Dejian’s 6-week undercover master factory last summer. Thousands of workers at the Heshuo factory lived a life similar to Zeng Dejian every day, assembling smartphones supporting the digital economy day and night. But the difference with these workers is that Zeng Dejian did not need to rely on this job to survive. He is a graduate of New York University. The reason why he has to work here is mainly to complete his summer research project.

Like many other technology companies, almost all of Apple's computers and smartphones are produced in China, and most of them are handed over to OEMs like Hewlett-Packard. This has recently become a controversial political issue, because the new US President Donald Trump urged Apple to move manufacturing back to the United States in order to create more job opportunities. At the same time, Apple’s overseas manufacturing business has long been criticized by human rights organizations because its workers work long hours and pay is too low.

Technology industry leaders said that Apple has changed its strategy and tried to solve the problem of factory workers' treatment. In March of this year, Apple released its annual report to reveal the inside story of its manufacturing operations. In order to obtain first-hand materials, Zeng Dejian went to the Heshuo factory to conduct an undercover investigation last summer. This factory was previously followed by the BBC and Bloomberg in 2014 and 2016, respectively, and their reports focused on whether these workers were forced to work overtime and work shifts.

Apple has conducted 16 inspections at the Heshuo plant and found that 99% of workers work less than 60 hours per week. Workers working on shifts to assemble Apple products work an average of 43 hours per week. In the past five years, the wages of this factory worker have increased by more than 50%, which is higher than the average wage in Shanghai. Zeng Dejian came to this factory and personally experienced the daily life of the iPhone assembly factory workers.

The following is Zeng Dejian’s personal experience:

Initially, I was assigned to the FATP department, the final assembly test package. The main job was to assemble the iPhone. There are about 100 workstations on an assembly line, and each workstation is only responsible for 1 job. Initially, I helped to assemble the iPhone 6S, and then began assembling the iPhone 7. When assembling the iPhone 6S, it was responsible for 2 workstations, including screws and stickers for tightening the speakers. These tasks are very simple, but that is what you need to do, and you must do it over and over again, every day.

In the first few days, I needed to stay focused, otherwise I couldn't keep up with the speed of the assembly line. You need to be quick-handed and focused. It's easy to feel tired, but you must keep your head clear. You don't have time to think about anything else. It just needs to keep accelerating. A few days later, I became familiar with this process. In the end, I could even complete my work with my eyes closed. For a lot of this time, you will feel like doing nothing, it will make people feel bad and very boring. In the Heshuo factory, any electronic equipment is forbidden to bring into it. It's hard for me because you can't listen to music. Sometimes workers talk to each other and talk about everything. But sometimes, your manager will be very angry about this.

I live in a workers' dormitory with 7 other people. The dormitory is not in the factory park. It takes about 10 minutes by car. There is a shuttle bus every day. Initially, I was a night shift and got up at 6 or 6:30 in the evening. The start time of the assembly line is different. Some colleagues start work at 7:30 in the evening, and some work at 8:00, 8:30 or 9:30 in the evening. I go to work at 7:30 in the evening, take a 7-point shuttle bus to the factory, and arrive at about 7:15. About 2 hours work, you can rest for 10 minutes.

During the first break, many people will fight. But it is difficult to fall asleep because the time is short after all. If you want to drink water or go to the toilet, you need to walk out of the huge workshop and come back to the toilet and 10 minutes will pass. For this reason, during the break you can only choose to do one thing: either take a nap or go to the toilet.

After another 2 hours of work, we can rest for 50 minutes and have lunch. Usually, there are vegetables and meat, and sometimes buns or noodles. Basically, there are 3 vegetables, 1 meat dish, and rice. The prices of meals in the cafeteria are different. There are 5 yuan packages and 8 yuan packages. There are still visits in the park and people usually go after work. If you catch up with the day shift, meals are more expensive and may cost 20 yuan. Some dishes are not good, but you have no other choice. Sometimes there are apples, pears, and other fruits. All the workers in the entire factory eat together and there is a huge canteen there.

If you eat with friends, you may be able to chat. But most people eat themselves, because the faster you eat, the more time you will rest. If you eat lunch in advance, you can also sleep for a while. Sleeping in the factory is really important. You can see people lying on a bench to sleep and see people sitting there to sleep. Of course, there are people walking around. If they see you fall asleep, they scan your ID card. They will enter these records in your profile, and then distribute them throughout the assembly line. The manager will then find you “talk”. This happens several times and workers are deducted.

After lunch, the workers need to work for 2 hours, followed by a 10 minute break. After 2 hours of work, depending on whether or not you need to work overtime, you can get off work if you don’t need it. But usually, everyone needs to work overtime, but the difference is how much overtime. There are only 2 hours of overtime work on Friday, and it may take up to 2 and a half hours from Monday to Thursday and 8 hours on Saturdays. In this way, workers stay in the factory for 12 hours, including rest time and lunch time.

I am off duty at 7:30 in the morning and usually eat first, then take the shuttle bus shelter and take another shower. If you are lucky, there will be hot water left. Sometimes there is no hot water in the dormitory, or even no water at all. After bathing, people either go to the Internet cafe to play games, watch videos, or watch videos on their mobile phones in bed. There are Wi-Fis in the dorms, but to log in, you need to download specific apps or click on reviews to earn virtual currency. You can use Wi-Fi to log in to Wi-Fi. You need 20 tokens for 24 hours, and 20 or 30 tokens for download. Of course, you can also buy virtual currency, about 5 yuan 100 virtual currency. There are also free videos available for viewing on platforms that earn virtual currency.

I went to bed about 10 o'clock in the morning. After all, you didn't have much time to rest and you were very tired. Most of the time, you can only watch 1 movie, and then you have to go to bed. Then repeat this life, get up at 6:30 in the evening, ready to go to work. In the first few days of training, I made several friends. But after formal work, many people cannot be assigned together. But I also met many colleagues on the assembly line. We are all good friends.

Even in the same dorms, not all people do the same job, and sometimes they have different shift hours. I haven’t seen a roommate in one month because we have different working hours. Some workers carry their girlfriends or wives, and sometimes they rent apartments outside the park. You can also choose to do that, but the cost of living is very high. But that is the only choice because the factory does not provide dormitories for couples.

When working on the assembly line, people talk about various things, including Sino-U.S. relations, the situation in the South China Sea, etc. These are all news hotspots. But most people talk about movies, and others talk about their own lives. They need to feed their families and need to send their children to learn to dance. These people are obviously already parents. Sometimes, workers also talk about entertainment news, celebrity gossip, etc. These are the young people's favorite topics. They understand many things, and even some people discuss American history.

For this job, most people's attitude is neither like nor hate. We just think of it as a job that makes money. No one enjoys the work, because when they start work, they expect to leave work. What we are most concerned about is salary. I need money to support my family and maintain my life. Some workers have worked in other factories and think that the management of the Heshuo factory is more rigorous. You cannot bring a mobile phone into the factory and you cannot listen to music while you work. Sometimes there are people walking around and you are forbidden to speak loudly. Some workers have contrasted and thought that the mastery of control is more stringent, which makes them a bit dissatisfied.

No one takes this job as a job, and the turnover rate of workers here is very high. For some people, it is very common to leave work here for 2 weeks or 1 month. However, some people work longer hours, and after one year of work, they may be promoted as assembly line supervisors. Heshuo factory has different organizational structure, the lowest level is the operator, then the multi-task workers, the third level is the group leader, and then the assembly line supervisor. In the upward direction is the department manager and finally the director. Some workers can be promoted, but most will only become assembly line supervisors. The mode of work of migrant workers in China is to go to cities to work for one year and then return home for one month to find another job in the coming year. For this reason, most people cannot adhere to promotion.

Some workers own the iPhone, but the number is not very large. After all, it requires them to spend 2 months of wages to buy. Most workers use domestic mobile phones, such as OPPO. Almost everyone knows that they are assembling Apple products. We can even distinguish the iPhone 6 and iPhone 7. In order to help Apple keep secrets, Heshuo Factory has implemented a strict control system, such as using metal detectors to inspect workers. Sometimes it's embarrassing because many women have metal on their bras.

There are other safety measures after passing through the 2 safety gates. When working on an assembly line, there are blinds around you so you can't even see the whole picture of the device. For example, in the production of the iPhone 7, we were moved to work in other workshops. When everything was ready, we moved back again. When we started trial production of the iPhone 7, experience told us it was completely different from the iPhone 6S.

At the time, we felt very sad all day. Because only 5 mobile phones were produced on that day, you can only sit there and do nothing. Sometimes managers also forbid people to speak. You must sit there quietly until the lower mobile phone comes in. You try to assemble it and send it back. Then wait a few more hours until the lower cell phone comes in. Mass production of the iPhone 7 began, and Apple employees came to monitor the assembly process because it was a new product and they wanted to know if there were any problems. We know these people are Apple employees because management called them "customers." Sometimes Apple employees check the product and walk around the assembly line.

The factory management is very cautious and the workshop needs to be very clean. All people must keep their posts and use the roller to clean the dust. The management personnel are also very cautious and constantly go around and people are not allowed to talk or sleep. If you sit still for several hours like this, it is easy to make people feel trapped. After being trapped for three times, they can only stand beside the assembly line. Workers are aware that they are producing apple products and therefore consider themselves part of this process.

Workers may not know much about Apple itself. Most people have the impression that Apple has sold a lot of iPhones. However, some people are really technological scientists and understand Apple's history. People sometimes think that assembling an Apple product is very cool, especially when they assemble the iPhone 7, and know that the phone is not yet on the market.

For Heshuo, overtime is a big problem. Overtime pay is usually 1.5 times the hourly wage, and overtime on Saturday is 2 times. But in my opinion, workers' overtime work is involuntary. They cannot decide whether to work overtime or not. Of course, the problem of overtime is complicated. Some workers may require overtime because it can make more money, but this is also due to the low base salary. Plants and workers all know this situation. They have different reasons for overtime.

When it is not busy, the Heshuo factory works around 40 hours a week. In busy times, work more than 60 hours a week. In mass production of the iPhone 7, even workers have worked continuously for 11 days. For this reason, in the busy and not busy season, the Heshuo factory may have different overtime standards. I don't know how this factory was audited by Apple. Too much work in addition to causing people to sleep, but also to encourage workers do not have much time to do other things, such as receiving professional retraining. Workers cannot take vacation during the busy season. When I started, the management’s attitude was not good enough. They always felt that you were trying to find trouble for them, whether you asked for overtime, no overtime or vacation.

Heshuo is very concerned about minor workers who are trying to control this situation. We will first receive a two-day training, mainly related to safety. Heshuo Plant has a mobile platform called "Hands-on-knowledge." Apple has uploaded many safety training and career-related knowledge. On the first day of training, management asked us to download this application, otherwise it will not be assigned to the assembly line the next day. For this purpose, everyone downloads it.

Through the second training, we divided clothes, hats, and slippers. They are all pink, hats are blue, and pants are blue. There is only one set per person, and you need to do it yourself this weekend. Sometimes, many people do not even wash for a long time. Before entering the workshop, you need to dress neatly, which is very important. In addition, workers need to inject all kinds of vaccines.

On the fourth day, we returned to receive more training. These trainings are more to meet Apple standards. They claim that there are several things that customers care about, including involuntary overtime and child labor issues. There are other trainings, including how to build relationships and how to manage your money. These are all requested by Apple because we are required to pass a written test and the answers are included in the training. Workers also need to take a variety of exams, including the translation of Chinese terms into English.

From the training you can know that the injury can go to the hospital and the factory is responsible for reimbursement. They take into account many situations, such as being scalded by boiling water, you can receive subsidies. Breaking the legs down the stairs, they are also responsible. In addition to safety training, there is training on your salary, including overtime, social insurance, travel expenses, WeChat platforms, and more. They consider almost everything.

I worked for one and a half months at the Heshuo factory. In the first month, I received a salary of 3,100 yuan. In the second half of the month, I received 1,500 yuan, which is not enough to buy an iPhone. Most workers have similar wages. Their basic wages are very low. Shanghai's minimum wage is set at 2,320 yuan. As time passes, wages will rise. From the perspective of wages, it seems unlikely that President Trump will move labor-intensive manufacturing back to the United States. Will American workers receive a monthly salary of 400 U.S. dollars? (small)

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August 26, 2022