A power inverter, or inverter, is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opposite of "converters" which were originally large electromechanical devices converting AC to DC.
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A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal. Its core part is also a PN junction. Compared with ordinary diodes, the structure is different. In order to facilitate the acceptance of incident illumination, the PN junction area is made as large as possible, the electrode area is as small as possible, and the junction depth of the PN junction is very large. Shallow, generally less than 1 micron.
The photodiode operates under the action of a reverse voltage. In the absence of illumination, the reverse current is small (typically less than 0.1 microamps) and is called dark current. When there is light, the photon carrying the energy enters the PN junction, and transfers the energy to the bound electrons on the covalent bond, causing some of the electrons to break free from the covalent bond, thereby generating electron-hole pairs, called photo-generated carriers. .
They participate in the drift motion under the action of the reverse voltage, so that the reverse current becomes significantly larger, and the greater the intensity of the light, the larger the reverse current. This property is called "photoconductive". When a photodiode is illuminated by light of general illumination, the current generated is called photocurrent. If a load is connected to an external circuit, an electrical signal is obtained on the load, and this electrical signal changes correspondingly as the light changes. The figure below shows the silicon photodiode amplification circuit diagram. 
Silicon photodiode amplification circuit diagram
Photo-Diodes, like ordinary diodes, are also semiconductor devices consisting of a PN junction and also have unidirectional conductivity. However, in the circuit it is not a rectifying element but a photosensor device that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal.
September 24, 2022