The operating system used by the embedded development that I am currently developing is VxWorks. The most used Linux system was when I was in college. However, there is really no difference between the two operating systems. Summed up, when asked by others, it is inevitable that there is some embarrassing feeling. Linux is a general term for a class of Unix computer operating systems. The name of the kernel of the Linux operating system is also "Linux". The Linux operating system is also the most famous example of free software and open source development. Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself only refers to the Linux kernel, but in fact people have become accustomed to using Linux to describe the entire operating system based on the Linux kernel and using GNU engineering tools and databases. Linux is named after computer amateur Linus Torvalds. In the past, Linux was primarily used as the operating system for servers because of its cheapness, flexibility, and Unix background. Traditionally, the Linux-based "LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python combination)" technology, in addition to being widely popular among the developer community, is also the most commonly used by web service providers. Platform. Based on its low cost and high set-up, Linux is often used in embedded systems such as set-top boxes, mobile phones and mobile devices. On mobile phones, Linux has become a major contender for Symbian OS; on mobile devices, it has become an alternative to Windows CE and Palm OS. The popular TIVo digital camera uses a customized Linux. In addition, there are many hardware-type network firewalls and routers, such as some LinkSys products, which are internally driven by Linux and use the firewall and routing functions provided by the operating system. There are more and more supercomputers using Linux. According to the November 2008 list of TOP500 supercomputers, the fastest supercomputer in the world uses Linux as its operating system. In the 500 systems listed, Linux is used as the operating system, accounting for 439 groups (87.8%). The SONY PlayStaTIon 3, which was released in 2006, also uses the Linux operating system, which has a Yellow Dog Linux that makes it a desktop system. Previously, Sony also launched a set of DIY components called PS2 Linux for their PlayStaTIon 2. Ubuntu has restored PPC support (including PlayStaTIon 3) since version 9.04. With the implementation of OLPC's XO-1, ASUS's Eee PC and other low-cost computers, many people are optimistic that in the low-end PC market, Linux's market share is growing rapidly. But after Windows entered this market, the market share of Linux fell rapidly. Windows systems now have an absolute advantage in all PC markets. VxWorks is a real-time operating system introduced by Wind River System (hereinafter referred to as Wind River, or WRS). Tornado is a real-time operating system development environment from WRS, similar to Microsoft Visual C, but provides a richer debugging, simulation environment and tools. The main application areas of the embedded Vxworks system are as follows: 1. Data network: such as: Ethernet switch, router, remote access server, etc. 2. Remote communication: eg private branch exchange and automatic call distributor for telecom, cellular telephone system, etc. 3. Medical equipment: such as: radiation therapy equipment 4. Consumer electronics: such as: personal digital assistants, etc. 5. Transportation: such as: navigation system, high-speed train control system, etc. 6. Industry: such as: robot 7. Aerospace: eg satellite tracking system 8. Multimedia: such as: video conferencing equipment 9. Computer peripherals: such as: X terminal, I / O system, etc. In summary, the system architecture of VxWorks is a fairly small hierarchy of microkernels. The kernel only provides multitasking environment, interprocess communication, and synchronization. These functional modules are sufficient to support the rich performance requirements offered by VxWorks at a higher level. VxWorks is mainly used in telecommunications-grade products such as Datacom, while Linux is mainly used in consumer and industrial control products. The client provides a client/server relationship between the components of the service and the processes that use the service. This service does not have to be left in the kernel. It can also be designed to be a "service process." The part that must remain in the kernel is only communication between processes. If these services are transferred from the kernel to the process level, the structure of the kernel itself can be greatly reduced and reduced, and each service process can be designed separately. Implementation and debugging. Microkernel is a kernel mode that transfers services to processes. It is mainly used in real-time systems and embedded systems, mainly because these systems usually do not have disks. The entire system must be placed in EPROM and often stored. Space constraints, and the required services are relatively simple, such as PSOS, VxWorks and so on. The macro kernel is a traditional kernel structure. It puts various service functions such as process management and memory management into the kernel. It is usually used on general-purpose kernels such as UNIX and Linux. Due to the structural separation of the Linux operating system and the Linux boot loader, the device drivers between the two are not universal. Of course, the hardware initialization of the chip hardware can learn from each other. The BootROM of VxWorks and the device driver of the running version are the same, because its running version and BOOTROM structure are the same, using the same operating system kernel. The device driver of the Linux operating system runs in kernel space, and the user process runs in user space. In the Linux operating system, the memory management and mapping methods of kernel space and user space are different. The application and device drivers will involve different memory spaces during data exchange, which will affect certain efficiency, but this problem can be modified by modifying the system. Memory space configuration and other methods to solve. VxWorks operating system does not separate kernel space and user space. Device drivers and applications run in the same space. Memory between them can be accessed. Data exchange is very convenient, but the stability of this structure is not as good as Linux system. The operating system provides a lot of device-driven resources and templates. However, due to the open source nature of Linux, it provides far more types and quantities of device drivers than VxWorks. The advantage of Linux is even greater. The advantage of Linux is that you have more room to choose if you want to enter. VxWorks uses relatively few companies, and if you learn Linux, it is not difficult to learn VxWorks, and vice versa. The advantage of VxWorks over Linux is that it is good in real-time. It is better than Linux in debugging tools, but there are not many people in China who know VxWorks very well, but there are many people who understand Linux. If you are getting started, learn C language, try to transplant some drivers to VxWorks, VxWorks is compatible with POSIX specification, I think the difficulty of your development should not be particularly large.
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March 03, 2023